2011-9-28 19:31| 投稿者: 中医正骨| 评论: 0|来自: 卫生部网站
儿童溺水干预技术指南
目 录
一、前言...................................................................................................................... 1
二、中国儿童溺水流行状况.................................................................................... 1
三、儿童溺水相关危险因素.................................................................................... 2
(一)儿童自身、家长和监管因素······································································· 3
1．年龄与发育水平..................................................................................... 3
2．性别......................................................................................................... 4
3．高危行为和同伴影响............................................................................. 4
4．游泳能力................................................................................................. 5
5．儿童和家长对溺水的认知水平低......................................................... 5
6．监管缺失或不足..................................................................................... 5
(二)环境因素······································································································· 6
1．暴露于自然水体..................................................................................... 6
2．家中蓄水容器......................................................................................... 8
3．工程设施................................................................................................. 8
(三)医疗与救护··································································································· 9
四、儿童溺水相关信息收集.................................................................................... 9
(一)收集信息的内容··························································································· 9
(二)收集信息的途径························································································· 10
(三)收集信息的方式························································································· 10
1．监测······································································································· 10
2．调查....................................................................................................... 10
(四)信息分析和利用························································································· 10
五、儿童溺水的干预策略和措施.......................................................................... 11
(一)干预流程····································································································· 11
1．现状评估······························································································· 11
2．确定危险因素....................................................................................... 11
3．制定和评估干预措施........................................................................... 11
4．组织实施............................................................................................... 12
(二)干预策略和措施························································································· 12
1．加强监护............................................................................................... 13
2．环境改善............................................................................................... 13
3. 工程设施................................................................................................ 16
4．健康教育与技能发展........................................................................... 18
5．医疗和救护........................................................................................... 22
(三)评估............................................................................................................. 23
1．溺水干预评估指标............................................................................... 24
2．评估设计............................................................................................... 24
3．评估方法............................................................................................... 24
4．评估中需注意的问题........................................................................... 25
六、政策措施与组织实施....................................................................................... 27
(一)政策措施····································································································· 27
1．制定政策和规划................................................................................... 27
2．能力建设............................................................................................... 27
3．卫生部门的技术支持........................................................................... 27
(二)组织实施····································································································· 28
1．信息收集和利用................................................................................... 28
2．儿童溺水干预项目............................................................................... 28
3．科学研究及政策建议........................................................................... 28
(三)儿童溺水预防工作相关部门····································································· 29
七、术语表................................................................................................................ 30
八、附录.................................................................................................................... 32
附录1 儿童溺水调查问卷·············································································· 32
附录2 医院伤害监测调查表·········································································· 34
附录3 学龄前儿童伤害监测调查表······························································ 35
附录4 学校伤害监测调查表·········································································· 36
九、参考文献............................................................................................................ 37
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